Humedales construidos ornamentales a escala real para la remoción de cafeína en aguas residuales rurales y efluentes del procesamiento de café
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https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v8i1.668Palabras clave:
cafeína, procesamiento de café, economía rural, tratamientos sostenibles, humedales construidosResumen
La agroindustria del café representa una de las principales actividades económicas en comunidades rurales de países en desarrollo; sin embargo, su procesamiento genera aguas residuales con alta carga orgánica y compuestos emergentes como la cafeína. En ausencia de infraestructura de saneamiento, estas descargas suelen mezclarse con las aguas residuales municipales, incrementando el riesgo de contaminación de cuerpos de agua y comprometiendo la salud ambiental y social de las comunidades. Frente a este panorama, es fundamental explorar alternativas sostenibles y de bajo costo como los humedales construidos ornamentales. El presente estudio evaluó el desempeño de un sistema híbrido a escala real conformado por un tanque sedimentador y celdas de humedales (HC-FS y HC-FSS) sembradas con especies ornamentales (Eichhornia crassipes, Alocasia odora, Hedychium coronarium, Heliconia psittacorum y Zantedeschia aethiopica). El monitoreo de febrero a julio de 2024 incluyó la determinación de cafeína mediante espectrofotometría UV-Visible en temporada de cosecha y procesamiento de café y en temporada donde solo se registraron aguas residuales rurales. El sistema alcanzó una eficiencia promedio de eliminación superior al 99 % en la temporada de cosecha y procesamiento de café. Las especies ornamentales se adaptaron favorablemente, demostrando potencial ornamental y comercial. Este trabajo aporta evidencia a escala real del potencial de los humedales construidos ornamentales como una solución práctica y replicable para tratar aguas residuales rurales mezcladas con efluentes del café, al tiempo que promueven beneficios ambientales, sociales y económicos para las comunidades rurales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Brenda Lizeth Monzón-Reyes, Maria Cristina López Méndez, Ismael Vera-Puerto, Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright © D.R. Asociación Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Sustentable y Energías Renovables A. C., 