Análisis tecnoeconómico de biorrefinerías de brócoli para la extracción de polifenoles y la producción de biobutanol

Descargas: 439

Autores/as

  • Luis Gerardo Frausto-Torres Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica y Bioprocess & Bioeconomy Group, Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías. Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre CP 37150. León, Gto., México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-6387
  • Édgar Vázquez-Núñez Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías. Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre CP 37150. León, Gto., México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-2718
  • Caros Eduardo Molina-Guerrero Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica y Bioprocess & Bioeconomy Group, Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías. Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre CP 37150. León, Gto., México.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i1.70

Palabras clave:

biocombustibles, biobutanol, bioprocesos, biocircularidad, sostenibilidad

Resumen

Los recursos fósiles dominan el suministro de energía. En 2019, el suministro total de energía en el mundo representó 606 exajulios (EJ), de los cuales los combustibles fósiles (petróleo, carbón y gas) tuvieron una cuota del 81% (490 EJ). El concepto de biorrefinería propone la síntesis de energías renovables como alternativa a los carburantes fósiles. Como biocombustible de segunda generación, el biobutanol tiene características sobresalientes y puede obtenerse a partir de residuos agrícolas y desechos orgánicos; sin embargo, su bioprocesamiento no es económicamente viable con las metodologías actuales. En 2021, la producción mundial de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) fue de 25.5 millones de toneladas; siendo el quinto productor mundial, México generó 687,000 toneladas de esta hortaliza. En este trabajo se propone un diseño de producción para la síntesis de biobutanol y la recuperación de subproductos valiosos, como compuestos polifenólicos de alto valor, a partir de residuos de brócoli, abundantes en el estado de Guanajuato, México. Para la transformación del sustrato se propuso una matriz bioquímica para su composición, así como una ruta biotecnológica que sigue un camino general con el pretratamiento ácido de la biomasa, hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación acetona-biobutanol-etanol (ABE) utilizando bacterias anaerobias. La biorrefinería esbozada integra métodos convencionales en tres vías metodológicas y un modelo híbrido para el proceso aguas abajo. Con el objetivo de visualizar el rendimiento económico global y evaluar una posible reducción de los costes de producción, realizamos un análisis tecnoeconómico de la planta de biorrefinería de segunda generación diseñada. La evaluación económica se llevó a cabo utilizando SuperPro Designer® V 12.0. Los resultados confirman la enorme dependencia que este tipo de biorrefinería sufre de las demandas energéticas. Descubrimos que aplicando adaptaciones estratégicas al proceso aguas abajo se pueden reducir considerablemente los costes de explotación. Sin embargo, para alcanzar la plena eficiencia financiera en la producción de biobutanol a partir de residuos de brócoli, es necesario profundizar en la investigación y el desarrollo de métodos innovadores para separar y purificar eficientemente los productos finales, así como de metodologías novedosas para la biotransformación de la biomasa lignocelulósica descrita a lo largo de toda la ruta tecnológica. También encontramos que existe una gran oportunidad en la valorización de los abundantes residuos de brócoli generados en la región de Guanajuato.

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2022-06-28

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Frausto-Torres, L. G., Vázquez-Núñez, Édgar, & Molina-Guerrero, C. E. (2022). Análisis tecnoeconómico de biorrefinerías de brócoli para la extracción de polifenoles y la producción de biobutanol. Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability, 4(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v4i1.70

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