Correlación de las relaciones de cambio reológicas en la cinética de crecimiento de H.Pluvialis en agua residual municipal
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https://doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v7i2.566Palabras clave:
Agua residual, H. Pluvialis, Propiedades Reológicas, Reactor AirliftResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la biodegradación de aguas residuales municipales mediante el cultivo de Haematococcus pluvialis en un fotobiorreactor airlift de 4 L durante un período de 14 días, estableciendo la relación entre la cinética de crecimiento y los cambios en las propiedades reológicas del medio como una posible estrategia de monitoreo del proceso. Para identificar el porcentaje de inóculo ideal, se implementó un diseño experimental unifactorial, en el que se realizaron pruebas a diferentes niveles para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos, basadas en la biodegradación de la materia orgánica. Se analizaron tres niveles de inóculo (5, 10 y 15 %) en fotobiorreactores de 400 mL, donde se monitoreó el crecimiento celular, la DQO total, la DQO soluble y el pH. Posteriormente, en el fotobiorreactor airlift se monitorearon los cambios en el esfuerzo cortante y la viscosidad aparente en un rango de 0.1–200 rpm, junto con el crecimiento de la densidad celular y la degradación de contaminantes (DQO total, DQO soluble, nitrógeno total y fósforo total) cada 2 días durante 14 días. Los experimentos a escala de laboratorio mostraron remociones de DQO soluble superiores al 95 %, siendo el nivel de inóculo del 15 % el que presentó estadísticamente la mayor remoción de carga orgánica. En la ampliación de escala en el reactor airlift, se alcanzó un porcentaje de remoción de DQO soluble del 78 %, y se obtuvieron concentraciones por debajo de los límites máximos permisibles establecidos por la normativa mexicana (NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021) para el contenido de fósforo y nitrógeno. El monitoreo reológico mostró afinidad con el modelo de Herschel–Bulkley (R² > 0.99), observándose una tendencia decreciente en el índice de consistencia (k), que pasó de 8.517 × 10⁻⁵ a 1.453 × 10⁻⁵, y una tendencia creciente en el índice de flujo (n), que se incrementó de 1.583 a 1.905. Esta mejora se atribuye a la reducción de la DQO soluble a valores tan bajos como 180 mg/L y al aumento de la biomasa de microalgas, que alcanzó hasta 1.3 × 10⁷ células/mL.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Uriel Carmona-Rosas, Roger Emmanuel Sales-Pérez, Joaquín Estrada-García, Eduardo Hernández Aguilar, Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright © D.R. Asociación Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Sustentable y Energías Renovables A. C., 