Anammox: un tratamiento sustentable para el agua residual de rastros
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https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v4i1.482Palabras clave:
aguas residuales de rastro, remoción de nitrógeno, oxidación anaerobia de amonioResumen
El tratamiento de aguas residuales generadas en rastros representa un desafío ambiental significativo, debido a su alta carga de nitrógeno y materia orgánica. Tradicionalmente, se han utilizado procesos de nitrificación-desnitrificación para remover el nitrógeno, pero estos implican altos costos energéticos, uso de productos químicos y generación de lodos. En este contexto, el proceso Anammox (oxidación anaerobia de amonio) surge como una alternativa biotecnológica innovadora, eficiente y sustentable. Este artículo explora las características del proceso Anammox y su aplicación en el tratamiento de efluentes de rastros. Se analizan casos exitosos, las principales ventajas frente a tecnologías convencionales, y los desafíos técnicos actuales, como la sensibilidad a compuestos tóxicos y la retención de biomasa. Asimismo, se destacan las perspectivas futuras del proceso, incluyendo el desarrollo de sistemas híbridos y la optimización de condiciones operativas. A través de una revisión de literatura científica reciente (2021-2025), se concluye que el proceso Anammox puede transformar el tratamiento de aguas residuales en rastros, al reducir el consumo energético, las emisiones y los residuos. Su implementación contribuye a una industria alimentaria más responsable con el medio ambiente y alineada con los principios de la sostenibilidad y la economía circular.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Sergio Reyes-Rosas, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman , Óscar Marín-Peña, Ofelia Landeta-Escamilla, Erik Samuel Rosas-Mendoza, Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor © D.R. Asociación Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Sustentable y Energías Renovables A. C., 