Gestión de aguas residuales de rastros municipales en México: cantidades producidas, legislación existente, procesos de tratamiento aplicados y desafíos futuros

Descargas: 722

Autores/as

  • Jesús Castellanos-Rivera Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Misantla
  • Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Misantla
  • Graciela Elizabeth Nani González Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Misantla

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v2i1.386

Palabras clave:

manejo de aguas residuales, rastros, legislación, soluciones basadas en la naturaleza

Resumen

Las aguas residuales procedentes de rastros municipales siguen siendo un problema latente en el mundo actual, debido a sus características sehan catalogado como una de las aguas más agresivas hacia el medio ambiente. México cuenta con 972 instalaciones registradas dedicadas al procesamiento de carnes, por lo que, es necesario establecer las mejores opciones de tratamiento con el fin de lograr un control eficiente de las aguas residuales producidas, reducir el consumo de agua y aumentar la eficiencia de los recursos naturales. El objetivo del presente estudio fueestimar las cantidades de aguas residuales de rastros municipales que se producen en México y dar a conocer la legislación aplicable a la disposición y descarga de estos efluentes. También se presentan las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza que se podrían aplicar y que son asequibles desde el punto de vista técnico y económico, así como las oportunidades futuras para el manejo sustentable de este tipo de aguas residuales. El estado de Jalisco es el estado que genera mayor cantidad de agua residual y residuos sólidos, ha habido avances en la transición de las políticas públicas del país hacia el modelo de sustentabilidad, y estos avances están sustentados en bases legales, marcos institucionales y órganos de gobierno. Las ventajas competitivas de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza como los humedales construidos frente a otras tecnologías de tratamiento son: bajo costo de operación y mantenimiento, fácil implementación, bajo consumo energético y son inocuos para la naturaleza y los cuerpos receptores. Si bien se han obtenido buenos resultados en el manejo y saneamiento de las aguas residuales de los mataderos, aún existen algunos desafíos relacionados con estas tecnologías utilizadas (parámetros de diseño y operación, escalamiento, procesos bioquímicos implicados, etc.) lo que a su vez se convierten en áreas excelentes de oportunidad para futuras investigaciones.

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Publicado

2023-11-23

Cómo citar

Castellanos-Rivera, J., Sandoval-Herazo, L. C., & Nani González, G. E. (2023). Gestión de aguas residuales de rastros municipales en México: cantidades producidas, legislación existente, procesos de tratamiento aplicados y desafíos futuros. Tendencias En energías Renovables Y Sustentabilidad, 2(1), 446–457. https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v2i1.386

Número

Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2023)

Sección

Trabajos en Extenso

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2024 Jesús Castellanos-Rivera, Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo, Graciela Elizabeth Nani González

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