This study focuses on analyzing the role of microalgae in mitigating climate change through CO₂ capture and lipid production, which can be used in the development of energy products and commercially relevant products. The objective was to evaluate the net CO₂ emissions in three lipid production scenarios from microalgae, in addition to analyzing the impact of various biomass pretreatment technologies before lipid extraction. For this purpose, only the emissions directly generated by energy consumption in the process and the amount of CO₂ that can be captured by microalgae cultivation were considered. In all three scenarios, CO₂ capture during biomass cultivation and emissions associated with maintaining the process in operation were evaluated. The results show that the emissions generated by energy consumption were 3.56 kg-CO₂/kg-oil, 2.19 kg-CO₂/kg-oil, and 2.36 kg-CO₂/kg-oil in scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively, while the CO₂ emissions captured in microalgae cultivation were three to four times higher, ultimately resulting in negative emissions in all scenarios. The efficiency of CO₂ capture per kilogram of oil produced varies between scenarios, suggesting that the choice of technology and process conditions significantly influence the overall environmental impact. This analysis identifies areas of opportunity to improve microalgal biomass utilization processes, highlighting the stages of the process with the greatest impact on the carbon footprint and enabling the comparison of different technologies on the same basis.