Economía Circular en Microempresas Rurales Latinoamericanas: Revisión Sistemática Sobre Valorización de Residuos, Capacidades Organizacionales, Productividad y Desarrollo Local

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v5i2.730

Palabras clave:

economía circular, microempresas rurales, valorización de residuos, capacidades organizacionales, desarrollo local

Resumen

La transición hacia la economía circular en microempresas rurales constituye una vía potencial para reducir la intensidad material de las actividades productivas, valorizar residuos y fortalecer los medios de vida locales; sin embargo, la evidencia latinoamericana permanece dispersa entre estudios sobre gestión de residuos, agroindustria, sostenibilidad empresarial y desarrollo territorial. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática cualitativa fue integrar la evidencia científica sobre prácticas de valorización de residuos, capacidades organizacionales, mecanismos territoriales e impactos reportados en productividad y desarrollo local. Se siguieron los principios de PRISMA 2020 y PRISMA-S para estructurar la búsqueda, selección, extracción y trazabilidad documental. La estrategia combinó términos en español, inglés y portugués relacionados con economía circular, microempresas, ruralidad, valorización, productividad y América Latina; se consideraron artículos arbitrados publicados entre 2020 y 2025, complementados con antecedentes teóricos indispensables. La síntesis temática mostró que las prácticas más recurrentes se concentran en el aprovechamiento de biomasa y subproductos agroalimentarios, compostaje, bioinsumos, reúso de materiales, recuperación de empaques, rediseño de procesos y extensión del valor de productos. Los resultados sugieren que la adopción no depende únicamente de la disponibilidad del residuo, sino de capacidades para identificar flujos materiales, diseñar soluciones viables, aprender de manera iterativa, coordinar redes locales y registrar indicadores económicos y ambientales. La productividad se expresa mediante menor merma, ahorro de insumos, diversificación de ingresos, diferenciación comercial y mayor estabilidad de abastecimiento, aunque la literatura aún presenta limitada medición longitudinal y escasa atención específica a unidades rurales de escala micro. Se propone un Modelo de Transición Circular Territorial que articula diagnóstico material, rediseño de soluciones, fortalecimiento de capacidades y redes, medición del desempeño y escalamiento situado. El estudio aporta una agenda para políticas, instituciones de educación superior y organizaciones rurales orientada a transiciones circulares inclusivas y verificables. La búsqueda se ejecutó del 12 al 14 de agosto de 2026 e identificó 444 registros. Después de eliminar 119 duplicados, se cribaron 325 registros y se evaluaron 99 textos completos; se incluyeron 20 estudios: nueve de evidencia directa y once de literatura complementaria.

Citas

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Publicado

2026-09-04

Cómo citar

Mejía Ochoa, F. J., Rojas Martínez, J. C., & Hernández Salinas, G. (2026). Economía Circular en Microempresas Rurales Latinoamericanas: Revisión Sistemática Sobre Valorización de Residuos, Capacidades Organizacionales, Productividad y Desarrollo Local. Tendencias En energías Renovables Y Sustentabilidad, 5(2), 278–292. https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v5i2.730

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Artículos Científicos