Hidrógeno y sus Vectores Energéticos para la Descarbonización de las Cadenas de Producción

Hilda Elizabeth Reynel Ávila; María Lorena Malagón Quinto; Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet; Felipe de Jesús Villalobos-Delgado; Ma. del Rosario Moreno-Virgen; Eduardo Enrique Merodio-Morales; Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo

doi:10.56845/terys.v5i2.705

Autores/as

Hilda Elizabeth Reynel-Ávila Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-2252
María Lorena Malagón-Quinto Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1827-7448
Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-3539
Felipe de Jesús Villalobos-Delgado Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3420-6889
Ma. del Rosario Moreno-Virgen Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-3365
Eduardo Enrique Merodio-Morales Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-6779
Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo Tecnológico Nacional de México – Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8047-9116

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v5i2.705

Palabras clave:

combustibles sintéticos, dióxido de carbono, energía renovable, hidrógeno verde, Power-to-X, transición energética, valorización de CO₂, vectores energéticos

Resumen

En este artículo se analiza el papel del hidrógeno como vector energético clave en la transición hacia sistemas bajos en carbono. En particular, se destaca el concepto Power-to-X, que permite convertir electricidad renovable en compuestos clave como metano, metanol, amoníaco y combustibles sintéticos, facilitando así el almacenamiento energético y la valorización del dióxido de carbono que es un gas de efecto invernadero. Se describen avances globales destacando el liderazgo de Europa en esta área, mientras América Latina presenta un desarrollo incipiente, pero con alto potencial. No obstante, el análisis indica que su impacto depende del origen de la electricidad, las fuentes de dióxido de carbono y el uso final de los productos generados, aunados a altos costos de producción y problemas de escalabilidad. Se concluye que las tecnologías basadas en la valorización de CO₂ representan una oportunidad estratégica para descarbonizar sectores clave y transformar la matriz energética global.

Citas

Altenburg, T., & Kantel, A. (2024). Green hydrogen in Namibia: Opportunities and risks. https://doi.org/10.23661/idp6.2024

Anekwe, I., Mustapha, S., Akpasi, S., Tetteh, E., Joel, A., & Isa, Y. (2025). The hydrogen challenge: Addressing storage, safety, and environmental concerns in hydrogen economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 167, 150952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150952

Atchinson, J. (2023). Hy2gen announces new ammonia project in Mexico. Ammonia Energy Association. https://ammoniaenergy.org

Ayala-Cortés, A., Stasi, C., Torres, D., Pinilla, J., & Sueles, I. (2025). Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch waxes to produce transport fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 215, 115633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633

Carbon Recycling International. (2020). MefCO₂ project summary. https://www.carbonrecycling.is/mefco2

Chehade, G., & Dincer, I. (2021). Progress in green ammonia production as potential carbon-free fuel. Fuel, 299, 120845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120845

Dalena, F., Senatore, A., Basile, M., Knani, S., Basile, A., & Iulianelli, A. (2018). Advances in methanol production and utilization, with particular emphasis toward hydrogen generation via membrane reactor technology. Membranes, 8, 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040098

European Commission. (2016). STORE&GO: Innovative large-scale energy storage technologies and power-to-gas concepts after optimisation. CORDIS. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/691797

Gómez, J. S., Marín, L., Morales, H., Llor, A., Hincapié, V., Vuelvas, J., Navas, J., Burgos, C., Lima, L., Silva, P., Oro, L., Rivera, I., Azar, A., Valencia, J., Yasic, N., Flores-Bahamonde, F., & Aguila, G. (2025). Fueling the transition: A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen roadmaps in Chile, Brazil and Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 222, 115885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115885

Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2023). National green hydrogen mission: Making India a global hub for green hydrogen production, usage, and export. https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-green-hydrogen-mission

HNH Energy. (2025). HNH Energy. https://www.hnhenergy.com

Hwang, Y., & Sánchez, A. (2024). Renewable energy transition and green growth nexus in Latin America. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 198, 114431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114431 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114431

Iberdrola. (2021). Iberdrola and Fertiberia commission Spain’s first green ammonia plant. https://www.iberdrola.com/press-room/news

ImplementaSur. (2022). Prefeasibility study for a synthetic fuel project in the Magallanes region. https://energia.gob.cl/sites/default/files/ch-t1235-p003_final_report_28-03-2022_vf.pdf

Ineratec. (2023). INERATEC scales up e-fuel production. https://www.ineratec.com

Li, H., Peng, B., Lv, S., Zhou, Q., Yan, Z., Lua, X., Liu, X., Niu, C., Liu, Y., Hou, J., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Yan, B., Tang, Z., Hou, C., Qin, K., Wu, Y., & Xu, R. (2024). Immobilized heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to formic acid: A review. Carbon Capture Science and Technology, 13, 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100322

Malagón-Quinto, M. L., Reynel-Ávila, H., Mendoza-Castillo, D., Bonilla-Petriciolet, A., Rangel-Vázquez, N., Sandoval-Flores, G., & Essam, S. (2026). Application, challenges, and perspectives of catalysts applied in Power-to-X technology to produce hydrogen-derived vector for energy transition. ChemEngineering, 10, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering10030040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering10030040

Menefee, A., & Schwartz, B. (2024). Comparing green hydrogen and green ammonia as energy carriers in utility-scale transport and subsurface storage. Energy and Climate Change, 5, 100163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100163

Nady, S., Fadil, H., Koundi, M., Hamed, A., & Giri, F. (2022). Power to X systems: State-of-the-art (PTX). IFAC-PapersOnLine, 55, 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.328

National Energy Administration. (2022). Medium and long-term plan for the development of the hydrogen energy industry (2021–2035). National Development and Reform Commission. https://climate-laws.org/document/medium-and-long-term-plan-for-the-development-of-the-hydrogen-energy-industry-2021-2035_37a6

Navarro, A. (2026). Scenario-based mapping of state-level green hydrogen potential in Mexico: Policy-relevant insights form a multi-technology framework. Energy and Climate Change, 7, 100240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100240

Nhede, N. (2025). Egypt: ASA green hydrogen project secures EUR 30M grant. Energy Capital & Power. https://energycapitalpower.com/egypt-asa-green-hydrogen-project-secures-eur-30m-grant

Palys, M., & Daoutidis, P. (2022). Power-to-X: A review and perspective. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 165, 107948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107948

Pérez-Fortes, M., Schöneberger, J., Boulamanti, A., & Tzimas, E. (2016). Formic acid synthesis using CO₂ as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental evaluation and market potential. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41, 16444–16462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199

Reuters. (2024). Japan signs 70 MOUs with partners on energy transition. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/japan-signs-70-mous-with-partners-energy-transition-2024-08-21/

Sherrard, A. (2020). Belgian stakeholders launch North-C-Methanol project. Bioenergy International. https://bioenergyinternational.com/belgian-stakeholders-launch-north-c-methanol-project/

Siemens Energy. (2022). Haru Oni synthetic fuel pilot project. https://www.siemens-energy.com/us/en/home/stories/haru-oni.html

Sterner, M., & Specht, M. (2021). Power-to-gas and Power-to-X: The history and results of developing a new storage concept. Energies, 14, 6594. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206594 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206594

Synhelion. (2025). EU-funded project Sun-to-Liquid II launches. https://synhelion.com/news/eu-funded-project-sun-to-liquid-ii-launches

World Meteorological Organization. (2025). Greenhouse gas bulletin No. 21. https://wmo.int/sites/default/files/2025-10/GHG-21_en.pdf

Wulf, C., Zapp, P., & Schreiber, A. (2020). Review of Power-to-X demonstration projects in Europe. Frontiers in Energy Research, 8, 191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2020.00191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2020.00191

Hidrógeno y sus Vectores Energéticos para la Descarbonización de las Cadenas de Producción

Autores/as

DOI:

Palabras clave:

Resumen

Citas

Descargas

Archivos adicionales

Publicado

Cómo citar

Número

Sección

Licencia

Enviar un artículo

Información

Palabras clave