¿Se Pueden Remover los Compuestos Per- y Polifluoroalquilados (PFAS) en los Humedales Construidos?
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56845/terys.v5i2.687Palabras clave:
PFAS, humedales construidos, plantas, sustrato, microorganismosResumen
Los compuestos per- y polifluoroalquilados (PFAS) son sustancias sintéticas ampliamente empleadas en sectores como la industria textil, papelera y de empaques, recubrimientos, electrónica y espumas contra incendios; debido a su alta estabilidad química y a su capacidad para repeler agua, aceites y manchas. Por ello, pueden encontrarse en productos cotidianos como textiles impermeables, envases para alimentos y utensilios de cocina antiadherentes. Sin embargo, estas mismas características los convierten en contaminantes altamente persistentes, resistentes a los procesos naturales de degradación y con potencial de generar efectos adversos en la salud humana y los ecosistemas. Este artículo analiza el uso de los humedales construidos (HC) como una alternativa sustentable para el tratamiento de aguas residuales que contienen PFAS, mediante los procesos naturales que ocurren en estos sistemas. En ellos, cada componente desempeña un papel fundamental: las plantas con mayor biomasa y sistemas radiculares complejos favorecen la retención y absorción de contaminantes; los sustratos enriquecidos con materiales innovadores, como el biochar o el carbón activado, incrementan la eficiencia de remoción; y los microorganismos asociados contribuyen a la biotransformación parcial de los PFAS, aunque la ruptura completa de los enlaces carbono-flúor (C-F) continúa representando un desafío.
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Derechos de autor 2026 René Martínez-Gallegos, Grecia A. Ortega-Hernández, Jessica Rocha-Peña, Florentina Zurita-Martínez
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